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Effects of a UV absorber in silica-loaded resin on DLP silica fiber preform fabrication

Jing Kong, Jiaying Wang, Qingqin Han, Guanghao Li, and Gang-Ding Peng

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

3D printing technologies have distinguished advantages in manufacturing arbitrary shapes and complex structures that have attracted us to use digital light processing (DLP) technology for specialty silica optical fiber preforms. One of the main tasks is to develop an appropriate recipe for DLP resin that is UV sensitive and loaded with silica nanoparticles. In this work, the effects of a UV absorber in highly silica-loaded resin on DLP printing are experimentally investigated. Spot tests and DLP printing are carried out on resins with varying dosages of a typical UV absorber, Sudan Orange G. Based on the experimental results, the UV absorber can significantly improve the resolution of DLP printed green bodies while requiring a larger exposure dose.

© 2024 Optica Publishing Group

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Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Figures (8)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic diagrams for DLP printing silica fiber performs. (a) Resin preparation. (b) Spot test. (c) Determine printer parameter. (d) 3D printing.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of the spot test of the DLP resin.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) Silica fiber preform CAD design and (b) overview of the DLP printing panel.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) Spot test samples from the resin with 0.02 wt.% SOG under exposure time 8 s, 15 s, and 70 s, respectively, and (b) curing depth (${{\boldsymbol C}_{\boldsymbol d}}$) versus exposure dose (${\boldsymbol E}$) for resin with SOG concentrations 0 wt.%, 0.005 wt.%, 0.01 wt.%, and 0.02 wt.%, respectively. In this test, we set ${\boldsymbol d} = 10\;\rm mm$ and ${\boldsymbol D} = 30\;\rm mm$, using the Asiga Pro 2–75 printer with a UV source of intensity about $5.66\,\,\rm mW/cm^{2}$ at wavelength 385 nm.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Resin absorption coefficients (${\boldsymbol \alpha}$) for resin with SOG concentrations 0 wt.%, 0.005 wt.%, 0.01 wt.%, and 0.02 wt.%, respectively. In this test, we set ${\boldsymbol d} = 10\;\rm mm$ and ${\boldsymbol D} = 30\;\rm mm$, using the Asiga Pro 2–75 printer with a UV source of intensity about ${5.66}\;{{\rm mW/cm}^2}$ at wavelength 385 nm.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Hole diameter error (${{\boldsymbol \delta}_{\textbf{in}}}$) and spot diameter error (${{\boldsymbol \delta}_{\textbf{out}}}$) under various exposure dose (${\boldsymbol E}$) for resin with SOG concentrations 0 wt.%, 0.005 wt.%, 0.01 wt.%, and 0.02 wt.%, respectively. In this test, we set ${\boldsymbol d} = 10\;\rm mm$ and ${\boldsymbol D} = 30\;\rm mm$, using the Asiga Pro 2–75 printer with a UV source of intensity about ${5.66}\;{{\rm mW/cm}^2}$ at wavelength 385 nm.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Resolution coefficient (${\boldsymbol R}$) versus UV absorber concentration at an exposure dose of ${113.2}\;{{\rm mJ/cm}^2}$, ${226.4}\;{{\rm mJ/cm}^2}$, and ${339.6}\;{{\rm mJ/cm}^2}$, respectively. In this test, we set ${\boldsymbol d} = 10\;\rm mm$ and ${\boldsymbol D} = 30\;\rm mm$, using the Asiga Pro 2–75 printer with a UV source of intensity about ${5.66}\;{{\rm mW/cm}^2}$ at wavelength 385 nm.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. DLP printed preforms for resin with SOG concentrations (a) 0 wt.%, (b) 0.005 wt.%, (c) 0.01 wt.%, and (d) 0.02 wt.%, respectively, under different exposure times (${\boldsymbol t} = 4.1\;\rm s$, ${\boldsymbol t} = 6\;\rm s$, ${\boldsymbol t} = 10\;\rm s$, ${\boldsymbol t} = 15\;\rm s$). For preforms designed with 22 mm diameter and 3 cm height, hole diameters from outside to inside are 2 mm, 1.5 mm, and 1 mm, respectively, using the Asiga Pro 2–75 printer with a UV source of intensity about ${5.66}\;{{\rm mW/cm}^2}$ and wavelength 385 nm.

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Tables (2)

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Table 1. Appropriate Exposure Time and Dose for Resin with SOG Concentrations 0 wt.%, 0.005 wt.%, 0.01 wt.%, and 0.02 wt.%, Respectivelya

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Table 2. Successful Hole Printing Rate of DLP Printed Preforms for Resin with SOG Concentrations 0 wt.%, 0.005 wt.%, 0.01 wt.%, and 0.02 wt.%, Respectively, under Different Exposure Timesa

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Equations (6)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

C d = 1 α ln ⁡ ( E E c ) ,
δ i n = d − d ′ ,
δ o u t = D ′ − D .
Δ i n = δ i n d ,
Δ o u t = δ o u t D .
R = Δ in + Δ out 2 .
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