Abstract
For various reasons, such as packaging considerations and reduction of interaction length, it is desirable to use short erbium-doped fibers (EDFs) with a high active-ion concentration. However, the cooperative ion-pair upconversion arising from energy transfer between exited erbium ions in the clusters prevents the efficient operation of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) with Er3+ ion concentrations higher than approximately 1000 ppm.1 One of the best results for a high-concentration EDF is reported in Ref. 2. The small-signal gain was 7.2 dB for a 36-cm length of fiber, and the gain per unit length was 0.28 dB/cm.
© 1995 Optical Society of America
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