Abstract
Ion trapping as a tool to keep an atomic sample free of collisions, isolated in space devoid of the influence by collisions and by uncontrolled external fields has proved to be a valuable tool for spectroscopy [1]. Precise measurements of hyperfine structures [2] and spectroscopy on single cooled particles [3] led to proposals for time and frequency standard applications of Paul—traps [4].
© 1988 Optical Society of America
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